Bên cạnh hướng dẫn em rất kĩ 9 cấu trúc câu đơn cơ bản và cách dùng dấu câu trong tiếng Anh, IELTS TUTOR cũng hướng dẫn thêm Giải chi tiết đề cương ôn tập học kỳ 2 tiếng Anh lớp 12.

VI. Change these sentences from active to passive

1. Câu hỏi

1. People speak Portuguese in Brazil.

_______________________________________________________________ 

2. The Government is planning a new road near my house.

_______________________________________________________________ 

3. My grandfather built this house in 1943.

_______________________________________________________________ 

4. Picasso was painting Guernica at that time.

_______________________________________________________________ 

5. The cleaner has cleaned the office.

_______________________________________________________________ 

6. He had written three books before 1867.

_______________________________________________________________ 

7. John will tell you later.

_______________________________________________________________ 

8. We have signed the deal with Dubai sports city.

_______________________________________________________________ 

9. Somebody should do the work.

_______________________________________________________________ 

10. The traffic might have delayed Jimmy.

_______________________________________________________________ 

11. Everybody loves Mr Brown.

_______________________________________________________________ 

12. They are building a new stadium near the station.

_______________________________________________________________ 

13. The wolf ate the princess.

_______________________________________________________________ 

14. Someone was telling a story at 7:00 pm yesterday.

_______________________________________________________________ 

15. Somebody has drunk all the milk!

_______________________________________________________________ 

16. I had cleaned all the windows before the storm.

_______________________________________________________________ 

17. A workman will repair the computer tomorrow.

_______________________________________________________________

18. The students will hold a meeting before the Teachers' Day

_______________________________________________________________ 

19. James might cook dinner.

_______________________________________________________________ 

20. Somebody must take my wallet.

_______________________________________________________________

2. IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn

Question 1. People speak Portuguese in Brazil.

___________________________________________________ 

Portuguese is spoken in Brazil.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Hiện tại đơn.
• S + am/is/are + Vp2.
• Chủ ngữ câu chủ động “people” được lược bỏ trong câu bị động.

Question 2. The Government is planning a new road near my house.

_______________________________________________________________ 

A new road is being planed near my house by the Government.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn.
• S + am/is/are + being + Vp2 + địa điểm + by O.

Question 3. My grandfather built this house in 1943.

_______________________________________________________________ 

This house was built by my grandfather in 1943.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Quá khứ đơn.
• S + was/were + Vp2 + by O + thời gian.

Question 4. Picasso was painting Guernica at that time.

_______________________________________________________________ 

Guernica was being painted by Picasso at that time.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn.
• S + was/were + being + Vp2 + by O + thời gian.

Question 5. The cleaner has cleaned the office.

______________________________________________________________ 

The office has been cleaned by the cleaner.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Hiện tại hoàn thành.
• S + have/has + been + Vp2 + by O.

Question 6. He had written three books before 1867.

_______________________________________________________________ 

Three books had been written (by him) before 1867.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Quá khứ hoàn thành.
• S + had + been + Vp2 + (by O) + thời gian.
• Chủ ngữ câu chủ động “he” có thể được lược bỏ trong câu bị động nếu ta không muốn đề cập đến chủ thể gây ra hành động.

Question 7. John will tell you later.

_______________________________________________________________ 

You will be told by John later.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Tương lai đơn.
• S + will + be + Vp2 + by O + thời gian.

Question 8. We have signed the deal with Dubai sports city.

_______________________________________________________________ 

The deal with Dubai sports city has been signed (by us).

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Hiện tại hoàn thành.
• S + have/has + been + Vp2 + (by O).
• Chủ ngữ “we” trong câu chủ động có thể được lược bỏ trong câu bị động.

Question 9. Somebody should do the work.

_______________________________________________________________ 

The work should be done.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động với Động từ khiếm khuyết
• S + can/ should/ could…+ be + Vp2 + (by O).
• Chủ ngữ câu chủ động “somebody” được lược bỏ trong câu bị động.

Question 10. The traffic might have delayed Jimmy.

_______________________________________________________________ 

Jimmy might have been delayed by the traffic.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc: S + might/ could… + have + been + Vp2 + by O.

Question 11. Everybody loves Mr Brown.

_______________________________________________________________

Mr Brown is loved by everybody.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Hiện tại đơn.
• S + am/is/are + Vp2.

Question 12. They are building a new stadium near the station.

_______________________________________________________________ 

A new stadium is being built near the station.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn.
• S + am/is/are + being + Vp2 + địa điểm + (by O).

Question 13. The wolf ate the princess.

_______________________________________________________________

The princess was eaten by the wolf.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Quá khứ đơn.
• S + was/were + Vp2 + by O.

Question 14. Someone was telling a story at 7:00 pm yesterday.

_______________________________________________________________

A story was being told at 7:00 pm yesterday.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn.
• S + was/were + being + Vp2 + by O + thời gian.

Question 15. Somebody has drunk all the milk!

_______________________________________________________________ 

All the milk has been drunk. 

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Hiện tại hoàn thành.
• S + have/has + been + Vp2 + (by O).

Question 16. I had cleaned all the windows before the storm.

_______________________________________________________________ 

All the windows had been cleaned before the storm.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Quá khứ hoàn thành.
• S + had + been + Vp2 + (by O) + thời gian.

Question 17. A workman will repair the computer tomorrow.

_______________________________________________________________

The computer wil be repaired by a workman tomorrow.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Tương lai đơn.
• S + will + be + Vp2 + by O + thời gian.

Question 18. The students will hold a meeting before the Teachers' Day.

_______________________________________________________________ 

A meeting will be held by the students before the Teachers' Day.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động ở thì Tương lai đơn.
• S + will + be + Vp2 + by O + thời gian.

Question 19. James might cook dinner.

_______________________________________________________________

Dinner might be cooked by James.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động với Động từ khiếm khuyết
• S + can/ should/ could/might…+ be + Vp2 + by O.

 Question 20. Somebody must take my wallet.

My wallet must be taken.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc bị động với Động từ khiếm khuyết
• S + can/ should/ could/must …+ be + Vp2 + (by O).

VII. Write the sentence by using structure THE + COMPARATIVE + S + V ……, THE + COMPARATIVE + S + V ……

1. Câu hỏi

1. The apartment is big. The rent is high.

The bigger.......................................................................................................................................

2. We set off soon. We will arrive soon.

The sooner .................................................................................................................................................

3. The joke is good. The laughter is loud.

The better....................................................................................................................................................

4. She gets fat. She feels tired.

The fatter ...................................................................................................................................................

5. As he gets older, he wants to travel less.

The older....................................................................................................................................................

6. The children are excited with the difficult games.

The more....................................................................................................................................................

7. I meet him much. I hate him much

The more....................................................................................................................................................

8. My boss works better when he is pressed for time.

The less......................................................................................................................................................

9. If you read many books, you will have much knowledge.

The more....................................................................................................................................................

10. He speaks too much and people feel bored.

The more....................................................................................................................................................

11. The growth in the economy makes people's living condition better.

The more.....................................................................................................................................................

12. People learn a lot of things as they travel far.

The farther .................................................................................................................................................

2. IETLS TUTOR hướng dẫn

Question 1. The apartment is big. The rent is high.

The bigger.........................................................................................................................................

The bigger the apartment is, the higher the rent is.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc so sánh đồng tiến (càng…càng).
• Với tính từ ngắn vần: The + short Adj + er + S + V, the + short Adj + er + S + V.

Question 2. We set off soon. We will arrive soon.

The sooner .......................................................................................................................................

The sooner we set off, the sooner we will arrive. 

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc so sánh đồng tiến.
• Với trạng từ ngắn vần: The + short Adv + er + S + V, the + short Adv + er + S + V.

Question 3. The joke is good. The laughter is loud.

The better............................................................................................................................................

The better the joke is, the louder the laughter is. 

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc so sánh đồng tiến.
• The + comparative + S + V, the + comparative + S + V
• Dạng so sánh hơn bất quy tắc của “good” là “better”.
• Loud là tính từ ngắn vần --> chuyển sang louder.

Question 4. She gets fat. She feels tired.

The fatter ...........................................................................................................................................

The fatter she gets, the more tired she feels. 

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc so sánh đồng tiến.
• Fat => fatter, tired => more tired.

Question 5. As he gets older, he wants to travel less.

The older.................................................................................................................................................

The older he gets, the less travel he wants. 

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc so sánh đồng tiến.
• Older, less đã ở dạng so sánh hơn => giữ nguyên.

Question 6. The children are excited with the difficult games.

The more..............................................................................................................................................

The more difficult the games are, the more excited the children are.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý

• Cấu trúc so sánh đồng tiến.
• Với tính từ dài vần: The + more + long Adj + S + V, the + more + long Adj + S + V.

Question 7. I meet him much. I hate him much.

The more.........................................................................................................................................

The more I met him, the more I hate him.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc so sánh đồng tiến.
• Dạng so sánh hơn bất quy tắc của “much” là “more”.

Question 8. My boss works better when he is pressed for time.

The less..............................................................................................................................................

The less time my boss has, the better he works.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

Câu gốc có thể viết lại là: My boss works better when he has little time.

Khi sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh đồng tiến, chúng ta sẽ viết lại như sau:

• Dạng so sánh hơn bất quy tắc của “little” là “less”.
• Danh từ “time” làm tân ngữ, được đặt ngay sau tính từ so sánh “less”.
• Better đã ở dạng so sánh hơn => giữ nguyên.

Question 9. If you read many books, you will have much knowledge.

The more............................................................................................................................................

The more books you read, the more knowledge you will have.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Dạng so sánh hơn bất quy tắc của “many”, "much" là “more”.
• Danh từ (books, knowledge) làm tân ngữ, được đặt ngay sau tính từ so sánh “more”.

Question 10. He speaks too much and people feel bored.

The more..........................................................................................................................................

The more he speaks, the more bored people feel.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý

• Dạng so sánh hơn bất quy tắc của “much” là “more”.

Question 11. The growth in the economy makes people's living condition better.

The more..........................................................................................................................................

The more the economy grows, the better people living's condition is.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• The + comparative + S + V, the + comparative + S + V.
• Better đã ở dạng so sánh hơn => giữ nguyên.

Question 12. People learn a lot of things as they travel far.

The farther .......................................................................................................................................

The farther people traveled, the more things they learned.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• The + comparative + S + V, the + comparative + S + V.
• Far => farther, a lot of => more.

VIII. MODAL VERBS

1. Câu hỏi

1. “I suggest that you do more exercise to keep your blood pressure down.

You should _______________________________________________________________________ 

2. I suggest that we take a break and go for a walk.

We should ________________________________________________________________________ 

3. It is necessary for me to do some shopping on my way home from work.

I need ____________________________________________________________________________ 

4. It isn’t necessary for you to finish the report by Sunday.

You don’t_________________________________________________________________________ 

5. It isn't necessary for her to choose a dress for the wedding party.

She doesn't ________________________________________________________________________ 

6. He helped her, but it was not necessary.

He needn’t ________________________________________________________________________ 

7. I thought it was not necessary to book tickets for the film in advance, but I was wrong.

I should __________________________________________________________________________ 

8. I am sure that the cat is in the house somewhere.

I’m sure that the cat must ____________________________________________________________

9. It’s necessary for me to bring my passport. (have)

I have ____________________________________________________________________________

10. It wasn’t necessary for you to do all this work (needn’t)

You needn’t _______________________________________________________________________ 

11. I am sure that John is not the thief.

I’m sure that John can’t ______________________________________________________________

12. I’m sure you are very tired after working so hard. (must)

You must _________________________________________________________________________ 

13. Perhaps Susan know the address.

Susan may ________________________________________________________________________ 

14. It was quite unnecessary for you to carry all those parcels home yourself.

You _____________________________________________________________________________ 

15. I’m sure it wasn’t Mrs. Mai you saw because she is in Boston.

It can’t ___________________________________________________________________________ 

16. Maybe John’s working this weekend.

John _____________________________________________________________________________ 

17. I didn’t apologize. That was wrong of me.

I should___________________________________________________________________________

18. It wasn’t necessary for me to go out after all.

I needn’t ___________________________________________________________________________ 

19. I’m sure that you didn’t lock the front door. Here is the key.

You can’t __________________________________________________________________________ 

20. It was careless of you to leave the windows open last night.

You shouldn’t _______________________________________________________________________ 

21. I’m sure Alison made arrangement. I recognized her voice.

It must ____________________________________________________________________________ 

22. I’m sure he didn’t know that his brother was seriously ill.

He couldn’t possibly _________________________________________________________________ 

23. I am sure it was Judy that I saw in town this morning

It must ____________________________________________________________________________

2. IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn

Question 1. I suggest that you do more exercise to keep your blood pressure down.

You should ______________________________________________________________ 

You should do more exercise to keep your blood pressure down.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Should + V-bare: dùng để đưa ra lời khuyên.

Question 2. I suggest that we take a break and go for a walk.

We should ______________________________________________________________ 

We should take a break and go for a walk.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Dùng để đưa ra ý kiến.

Question 3. It is necessary for me to do some shopping on my way home from work.

I need _____________________________________________________________________ 

I need to do some shopping on my way home from work.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Need không được dùng như động từ khuyết thiếu ở thể khẳng định.
• Trường hợp này need được dùng như một động từ thường.
• Need + to V: cần làm gì.
• Dùng để diễn tả nhu cầu, sự cần thiết hoặc sự bắt buộc phải thực hiện điều gì.

Question 4. It isn’t necessary for you to finish the report by Sunday.

You don’t_________________________________________________________________________ 

You don’t need to finish the report by Sunday.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Need được dùng như một động từ thường.
• Thể phủ định: Trợ động từ + not + need + to V (không cần làm gì).

Question 5. It isn't necessary for her to choose a dress for the wedding party.

She doesn't _______________________________________________________________ 

She doesn't need to choose a dress for the wedding party.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Need được dùng như một động từ thường.
• Thể phủ định: Trợ động từ + not + need + to V (không cần làm gì).

Question 6. He helped her, but it was not necessary.

He needn’t _______________________________________________________________ 

He needn’t have helped her.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Need được dùng như một động từ khuyết thiếu.
• Needn’t + have + Vp2: việc lẽ ra không cần thiết phải làm nhưng đã làm.

Question 7. I thought it was not necessary to book tickets for the film in advance, but I was wrong.

I should _________________________________________________________________ 

I should have booked tickets for the film in advance.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Should + have + Vp2: đáng lẽ nên làm trong quá khứ nhưng đã không làm.
• Câu gốc có nghĩa là Tôi nghĩ rằng không cần thiết phải đặt vé trước cho bộ phim, nhưng tôi đã sai.
• Viết lại là Tôi đáng lẽ nên đặt vé cho bộ phim này trước.

Question 8. I am sure that the cat is in the house somewhere.

I’m sure that the cat must ____________________________________________________________

I’m sure that the cat must be in the house somewhere.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Must + V-bare: dùng để đưa ra suy luận mang tính chắc chắn.

Question 9. It’s necessary for me to bring my passport. (have)

I have ____________________________________________________________________________

I have to bring my passport.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Have + to V: cần thiết phải làm gì, do khách quan (nội quy, quy định).

Question 10. It wasn’t necessary for you to do all this work (needn’t)

You needn’t _______________________________________________________________________ 

You needn’t have done all this work.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Need được dùng như một động từ khuyết thiếu.
• Needn’t + have + Vp2: việc lẽ ra không cần thiết phải làm nhưng đã làm.

Question 11. I am sure that John is not the thief.

I’m sure that John can’t ______________________________________________________________

I’m sure that John can’t be the thief.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Can’t + V-bare: dùng để diễn tả ta chắc chắn điều gì không thể xảy ra trong hiện tại.

Question 12. I’m sure you are very tired after working so hard. (must)

You must _________________________________________________________________________ 

You must be very tired after working so hard.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Must + V-bare: dùng để đưa ra suy luận mang tính chắc chắn.

Question 13. Perhaps Susan know the address.

Susan may ________________________________________________________________________ 

Susan may know the address.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• May + V-bare: dùng để diễn tả điều gì có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại nhưng không chắc chắn.

Question 14. It was quite unnecessary for you to carry all those parcels home yourself.

You _____________________________________________________________________________ 

You needn’t have carried all those parcels home yourself. 

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Needn’t + have + Vp2: diễn tả điều gì đã được thực hiện trong quá khứ, nhưng lẽ ra không cần thiết phải làm.

Question 15. I’m sure it wasn’t Mrs. Mai you saw because she is in Boston.

It can’t ___________________________________________________________________________ 

It can’t have been Mrs. Mai you saw because she is in Boston. 

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Can’t + have + Vp2: chỉ những việc không thể xảy ra vì có căn cứ, cơ sở rõ ràng.

Question 16. Maybe John’s working this weekend.

John _____________________________________________________________________________ 

John may work this weekend.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• May + V-bare: dùng để diễn tả điều gì có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại nhưng không chắc chắn.

Question 17. I didn’t apologize. That was wrong of me.

I should___________________________________________________________________________

I should have apologized. That was wrong of me.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Should + have + Vp2: đáng lẽ nên làm trong quá khứ nhưng đã không làm.

Question 18. It wasn’t necessary for me to go out after all.

I needn’t ___________________________________________________________________________ 

I needn’t have gone out after all.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Needn’t + have + Vp2: chỉ những việc lẽ ra đã không cần thiết phải làm nhưng đã làm.

Question 19. I’m sure that you didn’t lock the front door. Here is the key.

You can’t __________________________________________________________________________ 

You can’t have locked the front door. Here is the key.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Can’t + have + Vp2: chỉ những việc đã không thể xảy ra vì có căn cứ, cơ sở rõ ràng.

Question 20. It was careless of you to leave the windows open last night.

You shouldn’t _______________________________________________________________________ 

You shouldn’t have left the windows open last night.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Shouldn’t have + Vp2: chỉ việc không nên xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng đã xảy ra.

Question 21. I’m sure Alison made arrangement. I recognized her voice.

It must ____________________________________________________________________________ 

It must have been Alison who made arrangement. I recognized her voice.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Must + have + Vp2: diễn đạt việc gì đó hầu như chắc chắn đã xảy ra trong quá khứ.
• (suy đoán logic dựa trên những điều có thật ở quá khứ)

Question 22. I’m sure he didn’t know that his brother was seriously ill.

He couldn’t possibly _________________________________________________________________ 

He couldn’t possibly have known that his brother was seriously ill.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Couldn’t + have +Vp2: diễn đạt điều gì chắc chắn không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ.

Question 23. I am sure it was Judy that I saw in town this morning

It must ____________________________________________________________________________

It must have been Judy that I saw in town this morning.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Must + have + Vp2: diễn đạt việc gì đó hầu như chắc chắn đã xảy ra trong quá khứ.

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